Apart from apoptosis and necrosis, there are newer cell deaths that are-

• Necroptosis
• Pyroptosis
• Ferroptosis
• Anoikis

Necroptosis –

• As the word Suggests, Necroptosis consists of two words NECROSIS and APOPTOSIS.
• We can define Necroptosis as caspase independent programmed cell death.
• By the name we know that necroptosis is both necrosis and apoptosis
• The property of necrosis is inflammation and the property of apoptosis is programmed cell death in necroptosis.
  
• Necroptosis includes both physiological and pathological cell deaths –
• Physiological – Growth plate formation in human body
• Pathological – Steatohepatitis [fatty liver]
  – Pancreatitis
  – Reperfusion injury
• In case of CMV [cytomegalovirus], caspase inhibitors are present that doesn’t allow apoptosis to happen but in this case Necroptosis can be a way of cell death.
  
• Mechanism of Necroptosis –
• 1-2-3 death
  
• Step 1 :-
  In this step, TNF comes and binds to TNF receptor
  
• Step 2 :-
  Due to this binding trio occurs – RIPK1, RIPK3 [receptor interacting protein] and Procaspase8
  
• Step 3 :-
  MLKL phosphorylation occurs in this step and cell death occurs.

Pyroptosis –

• The word Pyroptosis is made up of pyro and ptosis.
• The word pyro means fire that refers to fever here and the word ptosis means falling.
• Pyroptosis is associated with microorganisms.
  Examples for Pyroptosis are – Shiegella and Salmonella
  
• In case of bacteria it binds to NOD receptor, this leads to the formation of inflammosome which is bacteria plus NOD receptor.
  
• This inflammosome activates several caspase which are –
  Caspase 1
  Caspase 4
  Caspase 5
  Caspase 11
  
• Caspase 1 helps in activation of interleukin 1 which is responsible for the fever
• The remaining caspases which are caspase 4, caspase 5 and caspase 11 are responsible for the cell death.
  
  

Anoikis –

• It is a type of apoptosis occurring in case of lack of natural environment.
• Examples for Anoikis includes –
  Malignancies
  Cardiovascular diseases
  Diabetes
  Infectious diseases
  Hyperglycemia in diabetic microangiopathy
• It appears in anchorage-dependent cells when cells detach from ECM[extracellular matrix]