Taking vitamin tablets is fashionable now. Doctors, therefore, need to know the features of both deficiency and overdosage of major vitamins.Vitamins are organic substances in food which are required in small amounts but cann’t be synthesised in adequate quantity. Vitamin A (Retinol) Vitamin-A deficiency is one of the most common causes of blindness.It has a …
Calcium The body of an adult contains about 1200gm of calcium. 99% of this is present in skeleton (provides the hard structure of bones & teeth.) Sources of Calcium : (Mostly white color eatables) Cheese, Milk, Yoghurt, Lassi Fish and bone Nuts e.g. almonds, peanuts Egg, bread Banana Absorption : Calcium absorption is impaired by …
Kwashiorkor : There is deficiency of protein with adequate energy intake. Marasmus : is due to severe and prolonged restriction of all food (energy sources + protein + other nutrients). It is seen in infants usually under one year. Kwashiorkor It is mostly occurs in age of 2 when the child is shifted from breast …
Lack of food or essential nutrients also leads to disease. Sub-division of nutrients : Energy yielding Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Essential elements Vitamins Energy-yielding I. Carbohydrate (4 Kcal/gm) : They usually provide major part of energy in normal diet. If the carbohydrates intake is less than 100 gm per day, there occurs ketosis. Sugars are found …
Principles and Management of nutritional deficiency disorders. Read More »
Anti-Coagulant- In Vitro = Heparin, Sodium citrate, Sodium oxylate, Sodium acetate In Vivo = Heparin, dicumarol, warfarin, Phenindione Hypolipidaemic drugs Lovastatin, Simvastatine, Cholestipol, Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil, Nicotinic Acid, Probucol, Neomycin, Gugu lipid Drugs for Peptic ulcer (1) Reduce Gastric Acid Secretion (a) Hz Anti-histamines = cimetidine; Ranitidine, ‘Famotidine (b) Protone Pump Inhibitor = Omeprazol, Lansoprazole, Penta …
2. Expectorant (Mukokinetics)(a) Direct Acting = Sodium K citrate, Vasaka (b) Reflex Acting = Ammonium Chloride (c) Mucolytics. = Bromhexin, Acetyl cystine 3. Anti-tussive(a) Opiod = Codeine, Morphine (b) Non-opiod = Noscapine, Dextromethorphine 4. Anti-Histaminic = Chlorphenaramine, Promethazine Drug used in Bronchial Asthma (1) Bronchodilator –(A) Sympathomimetic = Adrenaline, Ephedrine, Isoprenaline; salbutamol; terbutaline (B) Methyl …
Adverse drug effect – Any undesirable effect of drug. Skeletal muscle Relaxant – Act at periphery at neuro muscular junction/centrally at cerebrospinal axis and decrease muscle tone. Local Anesthetics- – By local application cause reversible loss of sensory Perception– They block both generation and conduction of nerve impulses. With out causing any structural damage. Pharyngeal …
Pharmacology Science of drug which deals with interaction of exogenously administered chemical molecules with living system. Pharmacodynamics– (What the drug does to the body) Physiological and bio-chemical effect of drugʻand their mechanism of action at macro molecular or sub cellular or organ system level Pharmacokinetics – (What the body does to the drug) Movement of …
Coming soon…. AIAPGET Model paper -2 (part -4)
Coming soon…. AIAPGET Model paper -2 (part -3)